Genital herpes

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases because many people carry the herpes virus. There are two main subtypes: herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1), which is often associated with cold sores, and type 2 (HSV-2), which mainly causes symptoms in the genital area. 

Not everyone infected with the herpes virus develops symptoms. However, the virus is highly contagious even without visible signs, meaning it can be transmitted from someone who does not have symptoms. As a result, the virus can spread unknowingly.

The symptoms of genital herpes can vary; some people experience obvious symptoms, while others have none. If symptoms do appear, they usually emerge within a week of exposure. Common symptoms include: 

• Blisters or sores around the mouth, genitals, or anus. These blisters are filled with clear fluid and can burst, healing without scars after about three weeks. 
• Red spots on the skin. 
• Itching, pain, or a burning sensation, sometimes felt during urination or bowel movements. 
• General malaise. 
• Fever and muscle pain. 

Men may experience blisters or sores on the penis, while women might have symptoms on the labia, inside the vagina, or on the cervix. Women may also experience vaginal discharge, swollen lymph nodes in the groin, and, in rare cases, risk of transmitting the virus to the baby during childbirth if infected for the first time after the 34th week of pregnancy. 

Even when symptoms disappear, the virus remains in the body and can reactivate, particularly when the immune system is weakened. The initial outbreak typically has the most severe symptoms, while subsequent episodes are often milder and heal faster. 

The herpes simplex virus spreads through intimate contact such as vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also be transmitted via skin contact or shared objects like sex toys. It's important to note that someone with a cold sore can transmit genital herpes, and vice versa. 

Preventing genital herpes

Safe sex is key to preventing the spread of genital herpes, although it doesn't provide complete protection because the virus can also be transmitted through skin contact. If you have symptoms, it's best to avoid sexual activity until all sores have fully healed to prevent spreading the virus further. Good hygiene is also essential; avoid touching the blisters, wash your hands frequently, and refrain from sharing sex toys.

The symptoms of genital herpes can resemble other conditions, such as urinary tract infections or syphilis. To confirm an infection, a general STD test or a specific herpes test can be conducted. A doctor can also take a sample from the blisters for lab analysis if symptoms are present. Since herpes increases the risk of other STDs, it's advisable to undergo comprehensive testing and inform any partners.

Although the virus itself remains in the body, treatment can alleviate symptoms, which typically resolve within three weeks. Treatment options include: 

• Antiviral medications such as aciclovir or valacyclovir, which help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. 
• Pain relief medications like paracetamol and ibuprofen to ease discomfort. 
• Topical treatments such as zinc ointment, which can help the blisters dry out more quickly. 

Important considerations during treatment

• Antiviral medications can cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, headache, or skin rash. Always read the medication leaflet carefully before use. 
• Antiviral drugs do not provide immunity against the virus, so practicing safe sex remains crucial. 
• Consult a doctor if symptoms persist after treatment. 

Many genital herpes treatments require a prescription. A suitable treatment can be requested through a registered healthcare provider, who will assess the condition and issue a prescription if appropriate. The medication will then be discreetly delivered by a pharmacy. 

For more information about genital herpes treatment, consult a healthcare professional.