Hair loss

Hair loss refers to the thinning or loss of hair, typically from the scalp, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Baldness results when hair falls out faster than new hair can grow. Hair loss is a natural process; in healthy individuals, a hair can remain in the scalp for three to five years, during which it grows. After this, the hair falls out and the follicle enters a resting phase for about three months before producing a new hair. With 100,000 to 150,000 hair follicles on your scalp, losing 50 to 100 hairs per day is normal. However, excessive hair loss occurs when many more hairs fall out without being replaced, leading to baldness or alopecia. 

Hair loss can have multiple causes. A major factor is the hormone DHT, which is linked to testosterone levels and inhibits hair growth in men. It is also a common cause of baldness in women. In men, hair loss often starts at the front hairline and progresses to the crown, while in women, it usually involves overall thinning. Other causes include hereditary factors (Alopecia Androgenetica), stress, poor scalp condition, thyroid issues, medication, and iron deficiency. 

Stress can manifest in various ways, including hair loss, known as Telogen Effluvium. A poor scalp condition, caused by inadequate blood circulation, nutrient deficiencies, or external factors like harsh weather or hair products, can impair hair growth. An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) slows metabolism, affecting hair growth. Certain medications, such as antibiotics, antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, and beta blockers, may also contribute to hair loss. Iron deficiency impacts hair health since iron is essential for haemoglobin production, which carries oxygen throughout the body.

• Involutional Alopecia and Senile Alopecia: Common in older individuals due to inactive hair follicles. 
• Androgenetic Alopecia: A hereditary form linked to the hormone DHT, affecting both men and women. 
• Alopecia Diffusa: Characterised by acute hair loss that spreads over the entire head without forming distinct bald patches. 
• Telogen Effluvium: Stress-related hair loss that occurs when many hairs enter the resting phase simultaneously. 
• Alopecia Areata: Typically appearing in young individuals, this autoimmune condition causes round bald spots on the scalp. 
• Other types: Frontal fibrosing alopecia, Trichotillomania, Scarring alopecia, and Tinea capitis. 

The average person has about 100,000 hairs on their head, losing 50 to 100 hairs a day. If this number increases to around 300 hairs daily, the hair loss becomes noticeable. Identifying whether the hair loss is sudden or gradual is crucial. Sudden hair loss is usually not hereditary, so consider lifestyle factors, diet, or medications that could be contributing. 

First, identify the underlying cause. Have you changed your diet, leading to a nutrient deficiency like low iron levels? Are you taking new medications? Are you experiencing high levels of stress? 

If hair loss is linked to medication, consult your doctor for alternatives. For gradual hair loss, heredity may play a role, but adopting a healthy lifestyle can help slow or stop the process. Ensure you get enough nutrients, particularly iron and vitamins B and C, and stay active to improve blood circulation and promote hair growth. Exercise can also reduce stress, which otherwise leads to adrenaline buildup in the scalp, affecting hair roots. 

Avoid washing your hair too often, as this disrupts natural sebum production.

Treatment options include medicinal and alternative therapies, as well as lifestyle adjustments. Supplements rich in potassium, silicon, vitamin B, and zinc can support hair health. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been clinically tested for both men and women and is FDA-approved. 

Medications registered for hair loss treatment in the Netherlands include Minoxidil and Finasteride. 

• Minoxidil (Rogaine): Originally used for high blood pressure, it is available in 2% and 5% solutions. 
• Finasteride: A prescription tablet used for early-stage male baldness (Androgenetic Alopecia), available as Propecia or Proscar. 

Other treatments include Ketoconazole, Dutasteride, and Esthecin. 

Alternative options for combating hair loss include vitamins, supplements, laser treatments, hair transplants, and stem cell therapy. RepliCel, a patented stem cell therapy, involves implanting hair cells from healthy follicles. Laser therapy stimulates blood flow and dormant follicles, while hair transplants involve either FUT or FUE techniques. PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) treatment uses plasma injections to promote hair growth. 

Wigs can be a solution if hair loss is severe or due to illness. Both synthetic and natural wigs now closely resemble real hair.

Healthy living plays a key role in managing hair loss. Eat a diet rich in sulphur-containing foods like broccoli, cabbage, and protein sources such as nuts, eggs, and fish. Avoid harsh shampoos, manage stress, and seek help if needed. 

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