GLP-1: more than a satiety hormone

The function of GLP-1

GLP-1 is often associated with weight loss because it reduces appetite. But it does more than that. In people with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. GLP-1RAs mimic the action of the native GLP-1 peptide. GLP-1 signals the brain that you are full, helping to reduce overeating. It is a natural appetite suppressant. Research has shown that GLP-1 impacts the intestines, heart and brain.  

What do GLP-1 supplements do?

GLP-1 does more than just suppress appetite. It can also help with:  

1. Diabetes: It lowers blood sugar levels and impacts hunger signals to the brain. It also slows gastric emptying, meaning food stays in the stomach longer, contributing to longer-lasting feelings of fullness. This can make it easier to lose weight.  
2. Overweight and obesity: Some studies suggest that weight loss can be achieved through GLP-1 therapy, even without lifestyle interventions. Although experts believe that GLP-1 impacts the brain's reward system, reducing the urge to indulge in cravings for unhealthy foods, weight loss results are minimal if GLP-1 is used as a standalone solution. For optimal results, GLP-1 therapy should be combined with healthy lifestyle changes.  
3. Heart disease: Studies show GLP-1 medications may reduce the risk of heart disease. There is a connection between weight loss and heart health: obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 
4. Kidney disease: Research suggests that GLP-1 helps slow chronic kidney failure (CKD) and lower the risk of kidney failure.  
5. Diseases of the nervous system: Experimental evidence indicates that GLP-1 protects cells of the brain and nervous system by reducing inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a key contributor to Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), schizophrenia and epilepsy. Research is still in its infancy. Further research is needed to confirm GLP-1’s role in delaying or preventing these diseases. 
6. Blood pressure abnormalities: In some studies, blood pressure-lowering effects have been observed with GLP-1. 

As the above shows, GLP-1 has more functions beyond simply regulating appetite and hunger. It has protective effects on various organs and may also lead to weight loss. Do you have any of the above conditions? Discuss the pros and cons of GLP-1RAs with your doctor.  

Things to consider before using GLP-1RA

Are you thinking about using a GLP-1 receptor antagonist? Before you start taking GLP-1RAs, it is important to educate yourself and look at the pros and cons. Things to know before starting treatment: 

• Users of GLP-1RAs feel full faster and longer, so they eat less. It is important the body gets the nutrients it needs to work effectively, also while losing weight. If necessary, work with a dietician to create a personalised plan and receive coaching to meet your goals safely and responsibly. 
• The medication is administered as a subcutaneous injection. If you're having trouble injecting yourself, talk to a doctor. Your doctor can show you how to inject the medication and give you tips to make the injections more comfortable.  
• There are different types of GLP-1RAs, with individual differences in composition. Some are short acting. In others, effects may take a few weeks to become noticeable. You may need to manage your expectations based on the results.  
• Stopping treatment with a GLP-1RA can result in a resurgence of your original symptoms like hunger, weight gain or high blood pressure.  
• Because of this, treatment for diabetes and obesity is typically viewed as lifelong. If you are concerned about this aspect of treatment, talk to a doctor.  

It is important to note that GLP-1-RAs are not suitable for everyone. Therefore, they are only available on prescription. Doctoronline works with a team of doctors who are committed to providing personalised care and support. Is a GLP-1RA not the best option for you? Then the doctor will work with you to find a treatment that is more suitable.  

When not to use GLP-1RAs and side effects

Like all medicines, GLP-1RAs may cause side effects and, in some cases, they are contraindicated. Not everyone who is overweight, obese or has diabetes can use GLP-1RAs. Do not use GLP-1RAs if:  

• You have had pancreatitis. 
• You or any of your family have ever had medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). 
• You have or any of your family have ever had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndrome. 
• You are breastfeeding. 
• You are pregnant or planning to conceive. 
• You have bowel problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 
• You are allergic to GLP-1. 

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking a GLP-1RA If any of the above apply to you.  

GLP-1RAs mainly cause gastrointestinal side effects. Common side effects include:  

• Nausea 
• Vomiting 
• Diarrhoea 
• Constipation 
• Headache 

The side effects of GLP-1 medications are usually mild and typically occur within the first few weeks of starting the medication and tend to subside over time. Focusing on a nutrient-rich diet and staying hydrated can help to manage side effects. If you have any side effects, ask your doctor for advice.  

Conclusion

GLP-1RAs are currently used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and people with obesity, providing valuable benefits for these patients. However, GLP-1 is not only an appetite suppressant that helps regulate blood sugar levels. It also seems to have a positive therapeutic effect on various processes and organs in the body. Further research will provide more insights into the potential broader application of GLP-1RAs. The effects of the various GLP-1RAs vary from one person to the next. What works for you may not work for someone else. Discuss your needs with Doctoronline’s team of affiliated doctors. We can create a personalised treatment plan that is specifically tailored to your needs.